1 DAAD Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst German Academic Exchange Service How to Develop a Research Project and Write a Research Proposal 1. Introduction When applying for a PhD1 position or a research grant in Germany, you will usually be asked to submit a research proposal apply for a funded PhD where you research a set project design your own research project, which you can either fund yourself, or apply for external funding. If you decide to design your own research project, you need to write a research proposal which will form a central part of your PhD application PhD RESEARCH PROPOSAL (ENVIRONMENT) Topic Sustainable urbanization in Ghana: The role of integrated land use planning By FREDRICK AHENKORA BOAMAH 1. McCann () also stated that, anytime a country decides to develop its urban center, there is the need to have intense policy indications and attributes in order to exercise power over them
(PDF) Sample research proposal for PhD | Irene C L Ng - blogger.com
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Need an account? Click here to sign up. Download Free PDF. Sample research proposal for PhD. Irene C L Ng. Download PDF Download Full PDF Package This paper. A short summary of this paper. This difference may not be as relevant in goods since it is assumed that the selling and distribution of a tangible good can occur at the same time. However, the same cannot be assumed for services please see attached background on the research topicsince service firms such as airlines and hotels sell their offerings in advance before delivering the service.
Furthermore, such sales are often sold through agents. Outcomes The outcome of the project would be publications in a variety of formats, for example, qualitative research papers and theoretical research papers for international refereed journals, a managerial version for a business review journal and a book chapter incorporating the various studies conducted.
Benefits Research in this area would allow practitioners and academics to understand sales distribution channels in the context of services through the building of a theory on this phenomenon. With increasing competition in the service industries, this research would also serve to guide and assist service firms in ensuring competitiveness and profitability. Since the data would be obtained across Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia, we expect our research to also assist in the development of competitive strategies of service firms within these three countries.
It is expected that the results of this research would further enhance the practice and teaching of services marketing theory as well as distribution channel theory. The Sales Distribution of Services A Research Proposal for XXXX Background and Justification of Research The very act of delivering a service to a customer requires develop research proposal phd source to be present, either as man or machine.
This means that the production and consumption of a service is simultaneous, as is widely established Regan ; Johnson ; Rathmell ; Bateson Consequently, any sale of a service is essentially a form of advanced sale prior to production, even though the time in advance may be mere minutes, as in the purchase of a movie ticket just before the movie cf.
Edgett and Parkinson This is in contrast to goods, where most goods firms retain a choice of whether to sell before or after production. The pressure of a service firm to practice advanced selling further in advance of consumption is made more compelling considering that this inseparability of production and consumption is double-edged.
Not only is the firm not able to produce and store the service in advance, the customer is also not able to store the service in advance of consumption.
Thus, if he buys only at the time of consumption, he faces the uncertainty that the service may not be available to him when he requires it, especially if the service firm has limited capacity cf. To alleviate that risk, he develop research proposal phd be willing to purchase further in advance of consumption, as insurance Png It is clear therefore, that there is a meaningful time difference between the sale of a service in advance and the delivery of the service at the time of consumption cf.
From the perspective of distributing a service, develop research proposal phd, normative services marketing literature e. However, the same cannot be assumed for service firms such as hotels and airlines, since these services are often sold in advance, and delivered later. Furthermore, the selling of a service in advance may be through an agent e.
travel agents for airlines and hotels. Since the service is not delivered at the time of the sale, the sale is essentially the sale of a promise that the develop research proposal phd will be delivered at some future time. The credibility of the agent is therefore also an issue in the advanced sale of the service, and with it, various transaction cost c. Williamson, perspectives, develop research proposal phd. a flight or a hotel room. Changing the time of consumption would alter the benefit and therefore the value to develop research proposal phd customer, develop research proposal phd.
unforeseen circumstances. The firm is therefore willing to sell in advance, develop research proposal phd, across as many periods required, and across as many channels possible, to obtain optimal price discriminating revenue. There is currently very little research in this area. One notable exception is that of Xie and Shuganwho investigated the conditions when sellers should advance-sell through a theoretical model.
However, empirical studies on this phenomenon are still largely absent, develop research proposal phd. Furthermore, the theory of advanced selling and channel choice has also not yet been investigated. From the discussion above, we highlight the three major factors for consideration in advanced sales distribution: 1.
The specific research questions are: a The impact of seller failure, develop research proposal phd, buyer failure and agent failure on the advanced sales channel choice b The impact of seller failure, buyer failure and agent failure on pricing in an advanced-sale channel We contend that these are serious issues that require research as they are poorly understood in the context of current services marketing theory and distribution channel theory, develop research proposal phd.
Besides the pedagogical and managerial benefits that would arise from the above, we also hope to contribute significantly to current literature in distribution channel and services marketing by building a theory of advanced sales channels for services.
Methodology The project methodology design is multi method i. Firms and consumers are based in Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia, develop research proposal phd. b The construction of a theoretical model of advanced sales distribution for services.
The above methodology a is chosen because there is a need to conceptually understand the phenomenon of advanced sales distribution thoroughly. Advanced sale in services occurs in many forms for various service industries, and such forms may not be immediately obvious to both the firm and the researcher.
Furthermore, it is the intention of this study to isolate and define categories relating to advanced sales distribution as precisely as possible, and to analyze the relationships between them, develop research proposal phd. The second develop research proposal phd approach b derives from the results of a. Given the categories and analyses in part awe then abstract the phenomenon through a theoretical model, in order to understand it more fully.
By using a theoretical model, we can further expound the logical implications of the phenomenon, the strategic tools available to firms and a richer understanding of the environment surrounding the advanced sales distribution of services.
Both projects should be completed in 13 months. Researcher Irene C. Langeard, C. Lovelock and J. Bateson, Cambridge: Marketing Science Institute. Buell, develop research proposal phd, New York: McGraw-Hill. Lee, Khai S. And Ng, Irene C. L, Wirtz, Jochen and Lee, Khai S. Zeithaml, Valarie A. and Bitner, Mary JoServices Marketing: Integrating Customer Focus across the Firm, 2nd edition, McGraw Hill. Related Papers Ng Irene CL Advance demand and a critical analysis of revenue management By Irene C L Ng.
Advance Demand and a Critical Analysis of Revenue Management By Danae Gallegos. Establishing a service channel: a transaction cost analysis of a channel contract between a cruise line and a tour operator By Irene C L Ng. Ng, Irene C. A demand-based model for the advance and spot pricing of services By Irene C L Ng. Download develop research proposal phd. About Press Develop research proposal phd People Papers Job Board Advertise We're Hiring!
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PhD RESEARCH PROPOSAL (ENVIRONMENT) Topic Sustainable urbanization in Ghana: The role of integrated land use planning By FREDRICK AHENKORA BOAMAH 1. McCann () also stated that, anytime a country decides to develop its urban center, there is the need to have intense policy indications and attributes in order to exercise power over them 52 Impressive Engineering Research Proposal Ideas. Engineering research proposal ideas are unique in that all the best concepts are the hardest to conceive. Use this densely packed list of great ideas to get you started on your journey towards academic success. They range from electrical engineering to the use of nanomaterials and more 1 DAAD Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst German Academic Exchange Service How to Develop a Research Project and Write a Research Proposal 1. Introduction When applying for a PhD1 position or a research grant in Germany, you will usually be asked to submit a research proposal
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